DharaSetu Guides
Understand the new criminal laws
Short, accurate explainers on India's 2024 shift from the IPC, CrPC and Evidence Act to the BNS, BNSS and BSA.
- Law transition 6 min
IPC to BNS: What Changed on 1 July 2024
On 1 July 2024, the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023 replaced the 164-year-old Indian Penal Code. Here is what changed, what stayed, and how to read old FIRs.
Read guide - Section guide 4 min
IPC 302 in BNS: Murder is Now Section 103
IPC Section 302 (murder) maps to BNS Section 103(1). Here is the punishment, classification, and how to cite it correctly after 1 July 2024.
Read guide - Section guide 4 min
IPC 420 in BNS: Cheating is Now Section 318
The famous 'char sau bees' — IPC Section 420 (cheating) — maps to BNS Section 318(4). Here is what stayed the same and what to write on new filings.
Read guide - Procedure 5 min
Bail Under the New Codes: What the BNSS Changed
Bail procedure moved from the CrPC to the BNSS in 2024, including a notable first-time undertaking relief for undertrial prisoners. A plain-language overview.
Read guide
Reference only — not legal advice. Verify with the official bare act and consult an advocate.