About DharaSetu
The bridge between India’s old and new criminal law
On 1 July 2024, India replaced the three pillars of its criminal justice system. Almost every section number changed overnight. DharaSetu exists so that no advocate, student, or citizen is left translating the law by hand.
Why DharaSetu exists
DharaSetu — from dhara (धारा), the Hindi word for a section of law, and setu (सेतु), a bridge — is a free, bilingual reference tool for the 2024 criminal-law overhaul. When the Indian Penal Code, the Code of Criminal Procedure, and the Indian Evidence Act were repealed and replaced, decades of muscle memory became obsolete. A lawyer who has cited “Section 302” for twenty years now has to reach for “Section 103(1) BNS” mid-hearing.
We turn that lookup into a one-second, verified answer — in English or Hindi — so the transition costs you neither time nor confidence.
The 2024 overhaul, in three codes
Three new statutes came into force together on 1 July 2024. Each of our converters maps the old section to its new equivalent, with the reverse lookup built in.
IPC → BNS
Indian Penal Code, 1860
Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
The substantive criminal law — offences and punishments. BNS reorganises and renumbers nearly every IPC section (murder moves from 302 to 103, cheating from 420 to 318).
IPC → BNSCrPC → BNSS
Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973
Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023
The procedural code — arrest, bail, investigation, trial, and appeal. BNSS carries these over with new timelines and digital-first provisions.
CrPC → BNSSEvidence Act → BSA
Indian Evidence Act, 1872
Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023
The law of evidence — what is admissible and how it is proved. BSA modernises the framework, notably around electronic and digital records.
Evidence Act → BSAThe tools we build
A growing suite of converters, calculators, and lookups — the free ones stay free, forever.
- IPC → BNS ConverterConvert any Indian Penal Code section to its Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita equivalent — instantly, in English or Hindi.Live
- Vakalatnama GeneratorCreate a court-ready vakalatnama in minutes — fill the form, preview, and download a print-ready PDF. Free and bilingual.Live
- Legal Notice GeneratorDraft a legal notice in minutes — cheque bounce (S.138), money recovery, rent/eviction, or general. Fill the form, preview, and print a PDF. Free and bilingual.Live
- Bail Application DrafterDraft a court-ready bail application — regular, anticipatory or interim — under the BNSS 2023 (or CrPC 1973). Court, FIR, applicant and grounds selectors; live preview. Print/PDF with Pro.Live
- CrPC → BNSS ConverterConvert Code of Criminal Procedure sections to their Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita equivalent.Live
- Evidence Act → BSA ConverterConvert Indian Evidence Act sections to their Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam equivalent.Live
- Limitation Period CalculatorWork out the limitation period for filing a suit, appeal, or application under the Limitation Act.Live
- Case Brief & Matter IntakeTurn a new criminal matter into a clean one-page Case Brief PDF — FIR, sections, parties, facts, next date — and save it to your matters. Free and bilingual.Live
- Case TrackerTrack your matters in one place — parties, CNR/case number, court, stage and next hearing date. See upcoming dates at a glance and open the official eCourts portal for live status. Saved to your account.Live
- Interest CalculatorCalculate simple or compound interest on a claim, decree, or cheque-bounce amount — by rate and period. Free and instant.Live
- Hindi–English Legal DictionaryLook up Indian legal terms and their equivalents in Hindi and English.Coming soon
Guides & plain-language explainers
Deep-dives that go beyond the section number — what actually changed, and what it means for your matter.
- Anticipatory Bail under BNSS — When to ApplyA short guide to anticipatory bail (pre-arrest) in the BNSS framework: eligibility, timing and drafting notes.Read the guide5 min read
- Appeal Timelines in Criminal CasesAppeal Timelines in Criminal Cases - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Appellate Tribunal ProcessAppellate Tribunal Process - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Arrest vs DetentionArrest vs Detention - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Bail After Charge SheetBail After Charge Sheet - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Bail Against Police RemandBail Against Police Remand - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Bail and Anticipatory Bail OverviewBail and Anticipatory Bail Overview - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Bail and Parole DifferenceBail and Parole Difference - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Bail Appeal ProcessBail Appeal Process - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Bail Application Format GuidelinesBail Application Format Guidelines - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Bail Application Format — Sample & ChecklistA practical bail application template and a checklist for drafting under BNSS/CrPC contexts.Read the guide8 min read
- Bail Application SamplesBail Application Samples - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Bail Bond GuideBail Bond Guide - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Bail Cancellation ProcessBail Cancellation Process - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Bail Conditions and BondsBail Conditions and Bonds - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Bail Conditions ChecklistBail Conditions Checklist - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Bail Court FeesBail Court Fees - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Bail for Public Order OffencesBail for Public Order Offences - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Bail for White-Collar OffencesBail for White-Collar Offences - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Grounds for Anticipatory BailGrounds for Anticipatory Bail - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Grounds for Regular BailGrounds for Regular Bail - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Preparing for a Bail HearingPreparing for a Bail Hearing - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Bail Hearing StrategyBail Hearing Strategy - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Bail in Custodial CasesBail in Custodial Cases - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Bail in FIR CasesBail in FIR Cases - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Bail Order Language GuideBail Order Language Guide - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Reading a Bail OrderReading a Bail Order - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Bail Review PetitionBail Review Petition - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Bail vs Remand GuideBail vs Remand Guide - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Bail with Digital Court NoticesBail with Digital Court Notices - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Bail Within 24 HoursBail Within 24 Hours - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Bail Under the New Codes: What the BNSS ChangedBail procedure moved from the CrPC to the BNSS in 2024, including a notable first-time undertaking relief for undertrial prisoners. A plain-language overview.Read the guide5 min read
- BNSS Anticipatory Bail ProcessBNSS Anticipatory Bail Process - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BNSS Appeal & ReviewBNSS Appeal & Review - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BNSS Arrest Without Warrant — When Police May ArrestA practical guide to warrantless arrest under the BNSS: triggers, notice, custody safeguards and immediate steps for lawyers.Read the guide6 min read
- BNSS Bail Against CustodyBNSS Bail Against Custody - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BNSS Bail ConditionsBNSS Bail Conditions - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BNSS Bail Hearing BasicsBNSS Bail Hearing Basics - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BNSS Charge Sheet ProcessBNSS Charge Sheet Process - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BNSS Charge Sheet TimelinesBNSS Charge Sheet Timelines - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Cognizable Offences under BNSSCognizable Offences under BNSS - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BNSS Cognizable SearchBNSS Cognizable Search - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BNSS Crime Scene SeizureBNSS Crime Scene Seizure - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BNSS Custody ReviewBNSS Custody Review - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BNSS Detention & Remand OrdersBNSS Detention & Remand Orders - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BNSS Digital InvestigationBNSS Digital Investigation - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BNSS Evidence PreservationBNSS Evidence Preservation - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BNSS Evidence TransferBNSS Evidence Transfer - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BNSS FIR & First InformationBNSS FIR & First Information - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BNSS Investigation & Forensics — Digital Evidence & ProcedureGuidance for investigators and lawyers working with forensic and electronic evidence under BNSS, including practical checklist and evidence-handling notes.Read the guide8 min read
- BNSS Investigation TimelineBNSS Investigation Timeline - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BNSS Judicial CustodyBNSS Judicial Custody - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Judicial Supervision under BNSSJudicial Supervision under BNSS - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BNSS Magistrate PowersBNSS Magistrate Powers - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Non-Cognizable Offences under BNSSNon-Cognizable Offences under BNSS - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BNSS Police Booking ProcedureBNSS Police Booking Procedure - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BNSS Police Complaint ProcedureBNSS Police Complaint Procedure - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BNSS Police CustodyBNSS Police Custody - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BNSS Police PowersBNSS Police Powers - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BNSS Police Questioning RightsBNSS Police Questioning Rights - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BNSS Police Remand ReviewBNSS Police Remand Review - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BNSS Police Report and FIRBNSS Police Report and FIR - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BNSS Prison RemandBNSS Prison Remand - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BNSS Remand & Custody — Police and Judicial Custody ExplainedPractical guidance on remand under BNSS: police custody, judicial remand, time limits and what lawyers should check during remand applications.Read the guide7 min read
- BNSS Remand GroundsBNSS Remand Grounds - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BNSS Search & SeizureBNSS Search & Seizure - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BNSS Summons vs WarrantBNSS Summons vs Warrant - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BNSS Third-Party CustodyBNSS Third-Party Custody - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BNSS Trial PreparationBNSS Trial Preparation - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BNSS Warrant ProcedureBNSS Warrant Procedure - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BNSS Witness ProtectionBNSS Witness Protection - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BNSS Youth Offence ProcedureBNSS Youth Offence Procedure - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BSA Admissibility TestBSA Admissibility Test - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BSA Authentication ProcessBSA Authentication Process - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BSA Bank RecordsBSA Bank Records - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BSA Chain of CustodyBSA Chain of Custody - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BSA Confession EvidenceBSA Confession Evidence - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BSA Diary and LettersBSA Diary and Letters - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BSA Digital RecordsBSA Digital Records - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BSA Documentary Evidence StandardsBSA Documentary Evidence Standards - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BSA Documentary Evidence — Documents, Originals & AdmissibilityHow documentary evidence is treated under the BSA: primary vs secondary evidence, authentication, and practical steps for lawyers.Read the guide7 min read
- BSA Electronic EvidenceBSA Electronic Evidence - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BSA Electronic RecordsBSA Electronic Records - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BSA Exclusion of Irrelevant EvidenceBSA Exclusion of Irrelevant Evidence - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BSA Expert WitnessBSA Expert Witness - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BSA Forensics OverviewBSA Forensics Overview - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BSA Medical EvidenceBSA Medical Evidence - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BSA Opinion EvidenceBSA Opinion Evidence - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BSA Physical EvidenceBSA Physical Evidence - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BSA Preservation of EvidenceBSA Preservation of Evidence - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BSA Proof of PossessionBSA Proof of Possession - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BSA Storage & RetrievalBSA Storage & Retrieval - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BSA Surveillance EvidenceBSA Surveillance Evidence - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BSA Video & Audio EvidenceBSA Video & Audio Evidence - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BSA Voice RecordingsBSA Voice Recordings - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BSA Witness CompetenceBSA Witness Competence - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BSA Witness Evidence — Competence, Examination & ProtectionShort guide on witness competence, protections and common objections when presenting oral testimony under the BSA.Read the guide6 min read
- Charge Sheet ReviewCharge Sheet Review - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Charge Sheet vs Closure ReportCharge Sheet vs Closure Report - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Cheque Bounce Case in India: Section 138 Complete GuideA dishonoured cheque isn't automatically a criminal case — it becomes one only if you send a legal notice within 30 days and the drawer still doesn't pay. Here's the full Section 138 process, timeline, and punishment.Read the guide8 min read
- Cognizable Offence NotificationCognizable Offence Notification - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Bail for Commercial OffencesBail for Commercial Offences - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Complaint vs FIRComplaint vs FIR - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Compoundable Offences OverviewCompoundable Offences Overview - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- How to File a Consumer Complaint in India: Consumer Protection Act 2019 GuideDefective product, denied refund, or a service provider who won't respond — the Consumer Protection Act 2019 gives you a free, lawyer-optional forum to fight it. Here's which commission to approach, what it costs, and how e-Daakhil filing actually works.Read the guide8 min read
- Court Fees and BailsCourt Fees and Bails - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Criminal Offence CategorizationCriminal Offence Categorization - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Criminal Procedure 101Criminal Procedure 101 - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- CrPC 41 in BNSS: Arrest Without Warrant is Now Section 35CrPC Section 41 (when police may arrest without a warrant) maps to BNSS Section 35. A notable new safeguard was added for minor offences — here is what changed.Read the guide5 min read
- CrPC vs BNSS: What Actually Changed in Criminal ProcedureThe Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita replaced the Code of Criminal Procedure on 1 July 2024. Most core procedure carries over with renumbering, but several genuinely new provisions — timelines, forensics, digital process — are worth knowing.Read the guide6 min read
- How to File a Cyber Crime Complaint in India: Portal, Process, and SectionsOnline fraud, hacking, or harassment can be reported in minutes at cybercrime.gov.in without visiting a police station first — and financial fraud has a narrow window where fast reporting can actually get your money frozen before it's withdrawn. Here's the real process.Read the guide8 min read
- Cybercrime Complaint ProcessCybercrime Complaint Process - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Drafting a Legal NoticeDrafting a Legal Notice - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Wrongful Termination in India: What Rights Do Employees Actually Have?'At-will employment' the way it exists in the US doesn't exist in India — but the protections you get differ sharply depending on whether you're a 'workman' under the Industrial Disputes Act or a manager/executive governed only by your contract and the Shops & Establishments Act. Here's how to tell which one you are.Read the guide8 min read
- Evidence Act 65B in BSA: Electronic Evidence is Now Section 63Indian Evidence Act Section 65B (admissibility of electronic records) maps to BSA Section 63. The mandatory certificate requirement for electronic evidence carries over.Read the guide5 min read
- Evidence Preservation at Crime SceneEvidence Preservation at Crime Scene - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Filing a Police ComplaintFiling a Police Complaint - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- FIR Drafting FormatFIR Drafting Format - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- FIR Registration GuideFIR Registration Guide - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- How to Choose the Right Lawyer in India: A Practical ChecklistWrong lawyer, right case, still a bad outcome. What to actually check before hiring — specialisation, court experience, fee structure, and the questions worth asking in the first meeting.Read the guide7 min read
- How to Get a Law Internship in India: A Step-by-Step Guide for Law StudentsLitigation chamber, law firm, or in-house — every path to a legal career in India runs through internships. A practical guide to finding, applying for, and making the most of one.Read the guide8 min read
- IPC 120B in BNS: Criminal Conspiracy is Now Section 61IPC Sections 120A and 120B (criminal conspiracy) are consolidated into BNS Section 61. Here is how the definition and punishment now sit together.Read the guide4 min read
- Unlawful AssemblyUnlawful Assembly - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Putting Person in Fear of InjuryPutting Person in Fear of Injury - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- RiotingRioting - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Common Object of a GroupCommon Object of a Group - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Abetment by ConspiracyAbetment by Conspiracy - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Promoting Enmity Between GroupsPromoting Enmity Between Groups - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Public Servant Disobeying Lawful OrderPublic Servant Disobeying Lawful Order - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Obstructing Public ServantObstructing Public Servant - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Voluntarily Causing Hurt to Deter Public ServantVoluntarily Causing Hurt to Deter Public Servant - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- False Charge of OffenceFalse Charge of Offence - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- False Statement on OathFalse Statement on Oath - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Causing Disappearance of EvidenceCausing Disappearance of Evidence - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Intentional Omission of FactsIntentional Omission of Facts - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Giving False InformationGiving False Information - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Intentional Exposure to DangerIntentional Exposure to Danger - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Causing Death by Dangerous ActCausing Death by Dangerous Act - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- IPC 302 in BNS — Murder: Mapping & Key PointsHigh-intent page for IPC 302 mapping into BNS. Statutory mapping pending verification; use the converter for interim checks.Read the guide10 min read
- IPC 304 in BNS — Culpable Homicide Not Amounting to MurderReference page for IPC 304 mapping to BNS. Statutory correspondence is pending verification; this stub links to tools and related guidance.Read the guide8 min read
- IPC 306 in BNS: Abetment of Suicide is Now Section 108IPC Section 306 (abetment of suicide) maps to BNS Section 108. The punishment and the requirement to prove active abetment are unchanged.Read the guide4 min read
- IPC 307 in BNS — Attempt to MurderThis page will host verified mapping for IPC 307 to BNS and practical prosecution/defence notes; verification pending.Read the guide6 min read
- Attempt to Commit Culpable HomicideAttempt to Commit Culpable Homicide - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Punishment for Culpable HomicidePunishment for Culpable Homicide - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- IPC 323 in BNS — Hurt & PunishmentIPC 323 (hurt) maps into the BNS section table — quick mapping, punishment overview and related sections.Read the guide3 min read
- IPC 324 in BNS — Serious Hurt MappingQuick reference for IPC 324 and its BNS correspondence, punishment notes and related sections.Read the guide3 min read
- IPC 325 in BNS — Grievous Hurt MappingReference page for IPC 325 and its BNS equivalent, with related offences and drafting notes.Read the guide3 min read
- IPC 326 in BNS — Hurt with WeaponShort reference for IPC 326 → BNS mapping, evidence pointers and related drafting guidance.Read the guide3 min read
- Wrongful ConfinementWrongful Confinement - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Wrongful RestraintWrongful Restraint - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Wrongful ConfinementWrongful Confinement - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Wrongful Confinement by HusbandWrongful Confinement by Husband - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Wrongful Confinement for Failure to DeliverWrongful Confinement for Failure to Deliver - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Assault or Criminal Force in Attempt to Wrongfully ConfineAssault or Criminal Force in Attempt to Wrongfully Confine - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- AssaultAssault - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Punishment for AssaultPunishment for Assault - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Assault on Public ServantAssault on Public Servant - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- IPC 354 in BNS — Assault or Criminal Force to WomanStub page for IPC 354 mapping to BNS. This content is pending verification; use the converter for interim checks.Read the guide5 min read
- IPC 354A in BNS — Sexual Harassment MappingStub for IPC 354A mapping to BNS; pending statutory mapping verification. Includes links to complaint formats and related offence pages.Read the guide5 min read
- IPC 354B in BNS — Stalking MappingStub page for IPC 354B mapping to BNS. Verification pending; links to complaint formats and evidence guides included.Read the guide5 min read
- IPC 354C in BNS — Voyeurism MappingStub for IPC 354C mapping; final statutory citation will be added after verification. Links to related evidence and privacy guidance.Read the guide5 min read
- IPC 354D in BNS — Stalking/Harassment MappingStub page; mapping pending verification. Contains drafting tips for harassment-related offences and links to BNSS procedure pages.Read the guide5 min read
- Sending Person to Jail by RashnessSending Person to Jail by Rashness - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Sentence of FineSentence of Fine - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- RapeRape - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- IPC 376 in BNS — Rape: Mapping & Practical NotesStub guide for IPC 376 mapping to BNS. Verification pending; includes links to victim support and evidence guides.Read the guide8 min read
- Unnatural OffencesUnnatural Offences - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- TheftTheft - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- IPC 379 in BNS — Theft MappingIPC 379 (theft) mapping into the BNS table with drafting and punishment pointers.Read the guide3 min read
- IPC 380 in BNS — Housebreaking and TheftStub: mapping of IPC 380 into BNS pending verification. Includes drafting checklist and evidence pointers for theft cases.Read the guide6 min read
- Dishonestly Receiving Stolen PropertyDishonestly Receiving Stolen Property - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Possession of Stolen PropertyPossession of Stolen Property - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Extortion by DangerExtortion by Danger - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Criminal ConspiracyCriminal Conspiracy - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Conspiracy to Commit OffenceConspiracy to Commit Offence - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- DacoityDacoity - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Dacoity with Fear or InjuryDacoity with Fear or Injury - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Punishment for DacoityPunishment for Dacoity - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Dacoity with MurderDacoity with Murder - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- IPC 409 in BNS — Criminal Breach of TrustStub for IPC 409→BNS mapping; details pending verification. Includes notes on proof for breach of trust cases.Read the guide6 min read
- IPC 420 in BNS — Cheating & Fraud MappingStub page for IPC 420→BNS; mapping verification pending. Contains drafting notes for cheating/cheque bouncing style matters.Read the guide7 min read
- IPC 498A in BNS: Cruelty by Husband is Now Section 85IPC Section 498A (cruelty by husband or his relatives) maps to BNS Section 85, with 'cruelty' defined in Section 86. Here is what stayed the same for dowry and matrimonial cruelty cases.Read the guide5 min read
- IPC 506 in BNS — Criminal Intimidation MappingStub page for IPC 506 mapping to BNS; pending statutory verification and evidence of intent to intimidate.Read the guide5 min read
- IPC to BNS: What Changed on 1 July 2024On 1 July 2024, the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023 replaced the 164-year-old Indian Penal Code. Here is what changed, what stayed, and how to read old FIRs.Read the guide6 min read
- Bail from Judicial CustodyBail from Judicial Custody - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Law Internship Stipends in India: What Firms Actually Pay (Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore)Stipends vary enormously by firm tier, city, and practice area — from zero at many litigation chambers to ₹30,000/month at top corporate firms. A grounded look at real, sourced figures instead of guesswork.Read the guide6 min read
- Legal Advice Before FIRLegal Advice Before FIR - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Motor Accident Compensation Claim in India: MACT Process ExplainedSection 166 of the Motor Vehicles Act lets an accident victim or their family claim compensation from the vehicle owner and insurer — even without proving anyone was at fault, in many cases. Here's how the Motor Accident Claims Tribunal process actually works, and what compensation is calculated on.Read the guide9 min read
- Bail from Police CustodyBail from Police Custody - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Police Evidence SubmissionPolice Evidence Submission - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Police Records RequestPolice Records Request - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Police Remand RightsPolice Remand Rights - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Police Station Visit GuidePolice Station Visit Guide - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Public Order Offence ProcedurePublic Order Offence Procedure - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Punishment Under BNS OverviewPunishment Under BNS Overview - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Regular Bail under BNSS — Procedure & StrategyOverview of regular bail applications under BNSS: when they succeed, objections to expect, and drafting checklist.Read the guide6 min read
- Summons Notice LanguageSummons Notice Language - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Summons Service ProcessSummons Service Process - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Bail Application Tool LandingBail Application Tool Landing - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- BNS Transition Tool GuideBNS Transition Tool Guide - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Court Forms Tool LandingCourt Forms Tool Landing - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Criminal Procedure WorkflowCriminal Procedure Workflow - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- CrPC to BNSS Converter LandingCrPC to BNSS Converter Landing - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Evidence Checklist Tool LandingEvidence Checklist Tool Landing - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- FIR Format Tool LandingFIR Format Tool Landing - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- IEA to BSA Converter LandingIEA to BSA Converter Landing - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- IPC→BNS Converter — Tool & GuideTool landing page explaining how to convert IPC citations to BNS citations and how to use the converter safely for drafting charges.Read the guide4 min read
- Legal Drafts Tool LandingLegal Drafts Tool Landing - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Police Complaint Tool LandingPolice Complaint Tool Landing - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Types of Bail in India: Regular, Anticipatory, Interim and Default Bail ExplainedIndia recognises four main kinds of bail — regular, anticipatory, interim and default — each triggered by a different stage of a criminal case. A plain-language guide to which one applies when.Read the guide7 min read
- Victim Compensation ProcessVictim Compensation Process - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Witness Summons vs WarrantWitness Summons vs Warrant - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
- Bail for Women and ChildrenBail for Women and Children - summary of what to check and how to use the official mapping, process or tool.Read the guide4 min read
How we keep it accurate
Gazette-referenced
Every mapping is cross-checked against official government comparative tables — the Bureau of Police Research & Development and the National Crime Records Bureau.
Sourced & dated
Each entry carries its source and a verification date. We do not use AI to generate section numbers or citations — those come from primary references only.
Verify-first
Every result links back to the same reminder: confirm against the official bare Act and consult an advocate before you rely on it.
Who DharaSetu is for
Practising advocates
A citation you can trust mid-hearing, without flipping through a comparison chart.
Law students
Learn the new codes against the sections you already know, side by side.
The public
Understand an FIR or a news report that still quotes the old law.
What DharaSetu is — and is not
DharaSetu is a software product, not a law firm. It does not represent clients, file cases, or give legal advice. It is a reference tool: fast, bilingual, and honest about its limits. For advice on your specific situation, speak to a qualified advocate.
Free to start, Pro for regular use
Guides are free for everyone, unlimited, with no sign-up. The IPC → BNS converter gives 5 free lookups, and you can create a case brief and track up to 3 cases for free. Pro (₹299/mo or ₹2,699/yr) unlocks everything — unlimited lookups, saved cases, all draft generators, court-format citation export, an unlimited case-deadline tracker, and judgment references for working lawyers.
See pricingFrequently asked questions
- When did India’s new criminal laws come into force?
- The BNS, BNSS, and BSA all came into force on 1 July 2024, replacing the Indian Penal Code, the Code of Criminal Procedure, and the Indian Evidence Act respectively.
- What is the BNS equivalent of IPC 302?
- IPC Section 302 (murder) corresponds to Section 103(1) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. You can confirm any section using our IPC → BNS converter.
- Is DharaSetu free?
- Guides are free forever, unlimited, with no sign-up. The IPC → BNS converter gives 5 free lookups, and you can create a case brief and track up to 3 cases for free. Pro (₹299/mo or ₹2,699/yr) unlocks unlimited lookups plus all drafting, export, and tracking tools.
- Does DharaSetu give legal advice?
- No. DharaSetu is a reference tool, not a law firm, and does not provide legal advice. Always verify against the official bare Act and consult a qualified advocate for your matter.
- How accurate are the section mappings?
- Every mapping is cross-referenced against official government comparative tables and independent legal-reference sources, and carries a source and verification date. We never use AI to generate section numbers.